rohibition began with temperance movements throughout the United States before the Civil War. Alcohol consumption had become closely related with poverty and crime by the early 20th century, causing states to pass local prohibition laws. National prohibition did not become a foreseeable goal until World War I, when food shortages caused the government to restrict alcohol production so grain could be used for food. The 18th Amendment created national prohibition and began an era of bootlegging, speakeasies, and organized crime. The 1920s, while a prosperous time for the United States, saw a rise in crime and moral vice—the very problems prohibition was suppose to solve. Once the nation fell into depression, FDR saw the liquor industry as a valuable source of revenue and stopped what Herbert Hoover called, “a noble experiment.” On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment was ratified and went into effect, permanently ending this period of prohibition in the United States.